CD28 signaling in T regulatory precursors requires p56lck and rafts integrity to stabilize the Foxp3 message.

CD28 Signaling in T Regulatory Precursors Requires p56 and Rafts Integrity to Stabilize the Foxp3 Message

Numerical status of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ and CD8+CD28- regulatory T cells in multiple sclerosis

Objective(s): Regulatory T cells, including CD4+CD25+Fox3+ and CD8+CD28- cells play an important role in regulating the balance between immunity and tolerance. Since multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory autoimmune disease, regulatory T cells are considered to be involved in its pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the circulatory numbers of the two mentioned types of regulatory T cells...

Low 17β-estradiol Levels Are Better Inducers of Regulatory Conditioned T Cells In-Vitro

Background: 17β-estradiol (E2) has been known to modulate immune response. Recent studies indicate that E2 at pregnancy level plays a role in regulating T cell response. Objective: To investigate the optimum dose of E2 (from 10-9 to 10-7 M) in mediating the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), using naïve human CD4+ T cells from healthy women. Methods: Naïve peripheral T cells were purifie...

B7/CD28 in Central Tolerance: Costimulation Promotes Maturation of Regulatory T Cell Precursors and Prevents Their Clonal Deletion

According to the "two-step model," the intrathymic generation of CD4⁺ regulatory T (T(reg)) cells segregates into a first, T cell receptor (TCR)-driven phase and a second, cytokine-dependent phase. The initial TCR stimulus gives rise to a CD25⁺Foxp3⁻ developmental intermediate. These precursors subsequently require cytokine signaling to establish the mature CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T(reg) cell phenotype. In...

Strong CD28 costimulation suppresses induction of regulatory T cells from naive precursors through Lck signaling.

CD28 costimulation is required for the generation of naturally derived regulatory T cells (nTregs) in the thymus through lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck) signaling. However, it is not clear how CD28 costimulation regulates the generation of induced Tregs (iTregs) from naive CD4 T-cell precursors in the periphery. To address this question, we induced iTregs (CD25(+)Foxp3(+)) fro...